Validación automática de guías de accesibilidad e videojuegos

Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Desarrollo de Videojuegos, Facultad de Informática UCM, Departamento de Ingeniería del Software e Inteligencia Artificial, Curso 2021/2022.Accessibility is a fundamental aspect of video games. Any player should be able to enjoy a game, independently of their physical ability. All around the world, governments and associations have implemented standards for game developers to make sure their video games can be enjoyed by everyone. One of the cases to keep in mind when developing games, and the one this project is based on, is the case of people with deficient color vision or nearsightedness. These users can have difficulties seeing text in-game when it is relatively small when compared to screen size or when its color does not have enough contrast with the background. It is commonplace for companies to have a considerable team of testers who manually check for legal accessibility requirements as well as ensuring the quality of the product. These checks, although simple, are time consuming, taking up valuable time that could be used for more complex checks that could only be made by humans. Moreover, tendency to create increasingly content-packed games creates less manageable workloads for manual checks. For this project, a tool has been developed that automates the text detection and calculates its size and relative luminance contrast with the background. This tool is used to verify that a series of accessibility criteria are being met.La accesibilidad es un aspecto fundamental de los videojueogos. Todos los jugadores, independientemente de sus capacidades fisicas, deben poder disfrutar de ellos. Alrededor del mundo, distintos gobiernos y asociaciones han creado estándares con los que medir la accesibilidad de los videojuegos para que puedan ser disfrutados por todos los públicos. Uno de estos casos que hay que tener en cuenta al desarrollar videojuegos, y en el cual se centra este trabajo, es el de las personas con discapacidad visual como el daltonismo o la miopía. Ellos pueden tener dificultad para ver bien el texto en un juego cuando este es muy pequeño en relación al tamaño de la pantalla o cuando no hay suficiente contraste de color entre la letra y el fondo. A dia de hoy es comun que las empresas cuenten con una extensa plantilla de testers que comprueba manualmente los requerimientos legales y la calidad del juego. Estas comprobaciones, aunque sencillas, resultan laboriosas y consumen un tiempo muy valioso que podría dedicarse a pruebas sólo realizables por humanos. Además, la tendencia a crear juegos que tienen cada vez más contenido hace que este sea un volumen de trabajo cada vez menos asumible por una fuerza de trabajo manual. Este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo una herramienta que permite automatizar el reconocimiento de texto para detectar su tamaño y su contraste con el fondo, para asegurarnos de que cumple una serie de criterios que aseguran su accesibilidad a varios públicos.Depto. de Ingeniería de Software e Inteligencia Artificial (ISIA)Fac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation